1. Active to Passive Voice Transformation Introduction - Define active and passive voice. - Importance of understanding passive voice in academic and professional writing. Explanation of Transformation - Step-by-step guide to transforming active to passive voice. - Examples with different verb tenses (present, past, future). Usage and Applications - When to use passive voice (emphasizing the action rather than the doer, formality, object focus). - Examples from literature, news, and technical writing. Common Mistakes and Challenges - Errors to avoid when transforming sentences. - How to maintain clarity and coherence in passive constructions. Conclusion - Summarize the benefits of mastering passive voice transformation. - Importance in improving writing style and versatility. 2. Direct to Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) Introduction - Define direct and indirect speech (reported speech). - Significance in narrative writing and journalism. Explanation of Transformation - Steps to conve...