Linguistic Terms

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LINGUISTIC TERMS

💧 LANGUAGE

     According to Noam Chomsky, Language is a set of sentences, each finite in length

and constructed out of a finite set of elements.

💧SEMANTICS

     Semantics is the study of meaning of word, phrase and sentences. The term

semantics comes from a Greek word “Sema” which means “Sign”. The term

“Semains” means “Signal or Signify”. Semantics is the study of meaning in a

language. Only with regard to semantics through which linguistical analysis the meaning

is analyzed.

💧PRAGMATICS

     While semantics attempts to relate meaning to logic and truth, Pragmatics attempts

to relate meaning to context of utterance and it views language as action which is

performed by speakers.

💧SYNTAX

     The word syntax consist of two elements i.e. ‘Syn’ which means ‘together’ and

‘tax’ which means ‘put in order’. Hence syntax means “putting things together in an

orderly manner”.

💧LINGUISTICS

     Study of language is called Linguistics

💧PHONE

     All speech sound are called as phones

💧PHONOLOGY

     The way in which sound functions in a language is called as phonology.

💧PHONEME

     Minimal sound unit of language is called phoneme.

💧ALLOPHONES

     English Language has aspirated [P] and unaspirated [P] sound. Both do not occur in

the same environment. Aspirated [P] comes in initial stage and unaspirated [P]

comes in middle or at the end. Example: Nip – Unaspirated, Pin – Aspirated.

💧MORPH

     The term Morph refers to shape and any minimal phonetic form that has meaning is

known as Morph. Example: Bus, Boy, and Cap.

💧MORPHOLOGY

     The term morphology means the study of forms. A study of word formation in

language is called Morphology. Example: Firehouse, Doghouse.

💧MORPHEME

     It is the smallest unit of form that has meaning in given language. A morpheme may

have one or more Allomorph. Example: Unlikely – Un + likely.


🗣️ Dialect

  • Definition: A dialect is a variation of a language spoken by a particular group of people or in a specific region. It includes differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

📝 Register

  • Definition: Register refers to the level of formality or style of language used in a particular context or situation. It varies from formal (e.g., academic writing) to informal (e.g., casual conversation).

🗨️ Connotation

  • Definition: Connotation refers to the associated feelings, ideas, or emotions that a word invokes beyond its literal meaning. For example, "home" may connote warmth and comfort.

📖 Denotation

  • Definition: Denotation is the literal or dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotional or cultural associations. It represents the basic meaning of a word.

🔤 Synonym

  • Definition: A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. For example, "big" is a synonym of "large."

🚫 Antonym

  • Definition: An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. For example, "hot" is an antonym of "cold."

🔡 Homonym

  • Definition: Homonyms are words that sound alike or are spelled alike but have different meanings. For example, "bat" (flying mammal) and "bat" (baseball equipment).

📚 Homophone

  • Definition: Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and often different spellings. For example, "there," "their," and "they're."

🔄 Homograph

  • Definition: Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and may or may not be pronounced the same. For example, "lead" (to guide) and "lead" (a metal).

🅰️ Prefix

  • Definition: A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, "un-" in "undo."

🆚 Suffix

  • Definition: A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning or function. For example, "-ly" in "quickly."

🔠 Root

  • Definition: A root is the basic part of a word that carries its main meaning. It is not affixed to any other part of the word. For example, "bio-" in "biology."

📦 Compound Word

  • Definition: A compound word is formed by combining two or more words to create a new word with its own meaning. For example, "bookshelf" (book + shelf).

💭 Idiom

  • Definition: An idiom is a phrase whose meaning is different from the literal meanings of its individual words. For example, "kick the bucket" means to die.

🌟 Euphemism

  • Definition: A euphemism is a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt. For example, "passed away" instead of "died."

🎯 Hyperbole

  • Definition: Hyperbole is an exaggeration used for emphasis or effect, not meant to be taken literally. For example, "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."

🔊 Onomatopoeia

  • Definition: Onomatopoeia refers to words that imitate or suggest the sound they describe. For example, "buzz," "hiss," or "clang."

🔄 Palindrome

  • Definition: A palindrome is a word, phrase, or sequence of characters that reads the same backward as forward. For example, "radar" or "level."

🖍️ Grapheme

  • Definition: A grapheme is the smallest unit of a writing system that represents a phoneme (sound). It can be a letter or a combination of letters, such as "sh" in "ship."

📖 Orthography

  • Definition: Orthography refers to the conventions of spelling in a language. It includes rules for writing and arranging letters and symbols to form words.

📊 Syntax

  • Definition: Syntax refers to the rules and principles that govern sentence structure in a language. It determines how words are arranged to form meaningful sentences.

💡 Pragmatics

  • Definition: Pragmatics is the study of how context influences the interpretation of language. It focuses on the social and situational aspects of language use, including implications and intentions.

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