KNOWLEDGE IS POWER

 Four Kinds of Meaning I.A. Richards Richards – 20th century New Critic In his Principles of Literary Criticism, Richards gave criticism a scientific precision and objectivity contradictory to a chaos of critical theories. Differentiated-referential & emotive language. Communication –emotive (function of the author). Comprehension-referential-(function of the reader). Practical Criticism-Four Kinds of Meaning Difficulties of documentation-labyrinth. Analysis of anonymous poems-hundred verdicts from a hundred readers. Difficulties-interdependent on each other like a cluster of monkeys.  The original difficulty of reading-the problem of making out the meaning. For a Proper understanding of a poem, the following questions have to be answered:                                  👉👉👉What is a meaning?                    ...

 

Paul Laurence Dunbar Paul Laurence Dunbar was born on June 27, 1872.  He became one of the first influential Black poets in American literature. He was an American poet, novelist and short story writer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dunbar became one of the first African-American writers to establish an international reputation.  In addition to his poems, short stories and novels, he also wrote the lyrics for the musical comedy " In Dahomey " (1903), the first African-American musical produced on Broadway in New York.  He dies out of tuberculosis in the year 1906. 🐦Theme 🐦 The theme of the poem "The Sparrow" is that nature is all around us, beautiful and prosperous, but people nowadays are so wrapped up in their own lives, they do not appreciate all that nature has to offer. 🐦Summary🐦 The poem "The Sparrow" is about a little brown sparrow who is perched upon a person's windowsill. But the person is too busy to notice the sparrow. Then...

 Overview      The tragic reality of contemporary nuclear families, torn apart by personal interests and aspirations, is illustrated in the story Dear Departed. The story takes place at the Slater's home, reflecting society as a whole. Mrs. Slater resides with her two daughters, Mr. Abel Merryweather's daughters. Elizabeth, the other daughter, and her spouse Ben continue their own lives. Summary and Interpretation      Merryweather Is Still Lying Down The two sisters don't get along well since they fight all the time when they're together. Henry, the spouse of Mrs. Slater, and their daughter Victoria reside in the house with her father, although they don't always give a damn about his well-being.      Mrs. Slater discovers her father unconscious and stretched out on his bed one day. She declares him deceased, assuming the worse. As an expression of respect for her father's passing, she asks Victoria to change into sober attire. Greed and...

  Symptoms  Herbert Read  In the beginning of the essay, the writer reads an advertisement. The advertisement was about the symptoms of Liver-pill disease. When he reads he thinks that he is affected by the liver pill disease. One day the writer visits to the British Museum ( Library ). At that time he was suffering from Hay Fever. He took the book named as Pharmacology and started to read the symptoms of Hay Fever , then he reads about the symptoms of Typhoid , turns up the pages and comes across another disease named St. Vitus Dance as he was reading about these diseases he thought that he was affected by all these diseases. Then the writer decides to read the book in alphabetical order. He starts reading from: A – A gue, B – B right’s disease, C – C holera, D - D iphtheria H – H ousemaid’s Knee – The writer is not affected Z – Z ymosis (Communicable Disease from birth) He came to a conclusion that he was affected by all those disease except House...

LINGUISTIC TERMS 💧  LANGUAGE      According to Noam Chomsky, Language is a set of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. 💧 SE MANTICS      Semantics is the study of meaning of word, phrase and sentences. The term semantics comes from a Greek word “Sema” which means “Sign”. The term “Semains” means “Signal or Signify”. Semantics is the study of meaning in a language. Only with regard to semantics through which linguistical analysis the meaning is analyzed. 💧PRAGMATICS      While semantics attempts to relate meaning to logic and truth, Pragmatics attempts to relate meaning to context of utterance and it views language as action which is performed by speakers. 💧SYNTAX      The word syntax consist of two elements i.e. ‘Syn’ which means ‘together’ and ‘tax’ which means ‘put in order’. Hence syntax means “putting things together in an orderly manner”. 💧LINGUISTICS     ...